The 5 Ws (and an H) of Journalism

The 5 Ws (and a H) of Journalism Theâ questionsâ a writer answers in the number one spot of a regular paper article areâ who, what, when, where, why and how. Likewise known as Five Ws and a Hâ and correspondents questions. The 5Ws H recipe has been credited to English rhetorician Thomas Wilson (1524-1581), who presented the strategy in his conversation of the seven conditions of medieval talk: Who, what, and where, by what helpe, and by whose,Why, how and when, doe numerous things uncover. (The Arte of Rhetorique, 1560) Models and Observations It is a rare occurrence one finds a stroll in fridge in a private home. When it occurs, even the most hard-bubbled of home columnists might be flummoxed to such an extent that she returns to the news coverage nuts and bolts: Who? What? When? Where? Why? For this situation, the who is basic enoughNeal I. Rosenthal, originator of the wine bringing in business that bears his name; the where is his recently remodeled house in Dutchess County, around more than two hours north of New York City.But why an ice chest you can walk into?Another snapshot of abundances, Mr. Rosenthal says of the fridge, which cost $23,000. He has, all things considered, simply finished the last advance in a $3 million or more renovation.(Joyce Wadler, In Dutchess County, a Wine Merchant’s Renovated Home. The New York Times, June 19, 2008)News stories are tied in with giving data, and there is nothing all the more baffling for the peruser that completing a story with unanswered inquiries despite everything hanging. News coverage understudies are educated about the five Ws: who, what, when, where and why. They are a helpful instrument to check you have considered every contingency, however not all will consistently apply.(Peter Cole, News Writing. The Guardian, Sep. 25, 2008) Writers questions Who? What? Where? When? Why? How? or on the other hand the inquiries that are alluded to as the five Ws and one H, have been the pillar of newsrooms the nation over. Similarly, these inquiries have not lost their incentive in homeroom guidance, paying little mind to the substance territory. Having your understudies answer these inquiries concentrates on the points of interest of a given topic.(Vicki Urquhart and Monette McIver, Teaching Writing in the Content Areas. ASCD, 2005) S-V-O Sentences and the 5Ws and a H Subject-action word object is the favored sentence association design in editorial composition. Its simple to peruse and comprehend. . . S-V-O sentences pack in enough of the who, what, where, when, why and how for perusers to have a diagram of the story in one sentence. . .These 5 Ws and a H leads from wire administrations recount to the entire story: AUSTIN-Texas ( where) Destinee Hooker, the double cross guarding NCAA high hop champion ( who), will skip track ( what) this season ( when) to prepare with the U.S. womens national volleyball crew ( why) before the Olympics.SALT LAKE CITY-Tag Elliott ( who) of Thatcher, Utah, was in basic condition one day after medical procedure ( what) to fix broad facial wounds continued in a crash with a bull ( why).Elliott, 19, was riding a 1,500 pound bull named Werewolf on Tuesday ( when) in the Days of 47 Rodeo ( where) when their heads smacked together ( how). S-V-O is the favored sentence request in communicate also, in light of the fact that it makes simple to-state units of felt that audience members can comprehend and assimilate while the sportscaster is talking. Online perusers read in lumps: an ad spot, a lead, a passage. They, as well, are searching for simple to-peruse, straightforward data, and that is the thing that S-V-O sentences deliver.(Kathryn T. Stofer, James R. Schaffer, and Brian A. Rosenthal, Sports Journalism: An Introduction to Reporting and Writing. Rowman Littlefield, 2010)

Globalization Argumentation Essay Free Essays

( 1. Reason ) Globalization impacts on financial framework. managerial. We will compose a custom exposition test on Globalization Argumentation Essay or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now what's more, geological arrangement of the states in an adequate mode. In today’s progressively aspiring and competitory concern age. globalization is one of the greater part of import factors that have an immediate or circuitous result on the financial. regulatory. what's more, geological arrangement of the states in a strong and appropriate mode. There are quick modifications in the monetary studies of the states. because of globalization. In add-on. various sorts of issues are created or made by the globalization to the states. Other than. these are set uping the states straight or by implication. For delineation. High peril putting resources into different states is viewed as a significant issue. ( 1. Choice ) â€Å"After the globalization of the overall market. remote speculators confronted the high risk to place in the other state because of the distinctions in managerial. geographic. financial. progress and segment status of the states. † ( Lynch A ; Gemini. 2010 ) ( 2. Reason ) Globalization adds to the advancement of designing that helped national organizations. There are varying mechanical advancements that make useful part in the globalization of business sectors and creation. It is recognized that the utilization of registering machines help the organizations to follow globalization and better its market divide in the planetary market. In processing machines. the use of the internet help organizations go planetary and add overabundance qualities to their creation and activity exercises. ( 2. Choice ) â€Å"Through worldwide designing. organizations are other than ready to achieve competitory favorable circumstances over national and global adversaries in a viable way. † ( Mobius. 2012 ) ( 3. Reason ) Globalization gives choices of organizations to better their anxiety through enter in the new state advertise. One improvement in building identified with change in the travel designing helped the organizations make globalization of business sectors and creation. The improvement of business stream airplane and expert soldiers and advan cement of boat travel help organizations streamline the trans-shipment starting with one way of movement then onto the next. ( 3. Choice ) â€Å"Globalization causes organizations to better its market nearness in the planetary market and present new creation workss in various conditions of the universe to flexibly the correct product to the correct customers at the correct clasp with the most reduced cost† ( Peng. 2009 ) . ( 4. Reason ) Globalization gives alternatives of the organizations to better their place to pull or make the new market and more customers. Innovation is useful for organizations to deliver planetary possibilities through pulling planetary customers for stocks and administrations. Changes in the media transmission and presentation of the World Wide Web help organizations interface with the planetary customers in a useful way and build up the odds so as to better the market. There are varying planetary selling patterns a planetary organization needs to help through. The adjusting request of customers. changes in promotion media and appealing power for planetary customers are for the most part of import. So as to make this imprint. planetary dealers need to point planetary promotion so as to pull planetary customers in an efficacious way. ( 4. Choice ) â€Å"Through the pointing planetary notice for the stocks and administrations. organizations can other than increment its customer base in the worldwide market and can achieve competitory points of interest over adversaries in national and global market† ( Shan. 2012 ) . The principal premiss is an outline of inductive legitimate deduction as it is expected simply to be solid to the point that. in the event that the choice is diverse with premises. First premiss: globalization impacts on states financial framework. authoritative. what's more, topographical framework. in any case, the choice states contrasts that after the globalization. remote speculators face the high risk of putting resources into different states because of the distinctions in countries’ authoritative. geographic. financial. development and segment status ( Swenson. 2005 ) . In add-on. deductive articulation is believed to be completely ensured of the premises truth. which implies the choice is like the premiss. Reason 2 is the delineation of the deductive explanation as the premises and choice is the equivalent. which the globalization or internationalization contributes into the improvement of designing as universal building came to of the organizations that helped organizations to achieve competitory focal points. Notices Lynch. M. A ; Gemini. C. ( 2010 ) . Riches: How the World’s High-Net-Worth Grow. Support. what's more, Manage Their Fortunes. USA: John Wiley A ; Sons. Mobius. M. ( 2012 ) . Visa to Net salaries: Why the Following Investment Windfalls Will be Found Abroad and How to Catch Your Share. USA: John Wiley A ; Sons. Peng. M. W. ( 2009 ) . Worldwide Business 2009. USA: Cengage Learning. Shan. W. ( 2012 ) . The Legal Protection of Foreign Investment: A Comparative Study. USA: Hart Publishing Limited. Swensen. D. F. ( 2005 ) . Whimsical Success: A Cardinal Approach to Personal Investment. USA: Simon and Schuster. Step by step instructions to refer to Globalization Argumentation Essay, Essay models

Free Essay Topics For The Student

Free Essay Topics For The StudentWhen you are creating your Free Essay Topics, there are certain topics that should be included. If you are not sure which one to use or if you need a little guidance then read on for more information.The most important thing to remember is to avoid the topic that is too broad, it will be difficult to identify with your audience and they won't get a sense of who you are. The focus of the essay should be specific to the audience. In other words it's best to create a free essay topic around a problem or subject matter that has not been explored.It is best to keep it within the core of the main point that you wish to convey. Make sure you use strong words, but don't overdo it. Remember that you are writing as an actual person. A lot of students find it easier to write about themselves rather than talking about something else.Keep in mind that you can easily use word compression to get a few points across in your free essay topics. In fact it is extremely useful to include this technique because it gives you more space to expand on.Your audience should understand that this essay is designed for them. You should make sure that they understand that you are writing for the purpose of helping them reach a decision about something. In other words you need to present your audience with options so that they can make a decision.The next step when creating essay topics is to decide how you are going to explain the main idea or question. Consider all of the possible ways in which you can be explained and find out what the best approach would be. It is easy to get carried away with brainstorming and start writing a great deal in a short amount of time.Once you have decided how you want to present your point number of other decisions should be made. These include what sort of material is best suited for the essay topic. This is because a student will have access to a wide range of information that might not be useful for their topic.As well as d eciding on the topics and material you will be using for your free essay topics, it is important to consider a theme. What sort of theme do you think you should use. By using a theme you can eliminate a great deal of the research that you will need to do in order to make the topic come together.

Difference Between Spirituality And Religion Essay

Difference between spirituality and religion (pg.2, para.4) Spirituality is what people believe in after they aren’t in the religion’s confines, and the opposite for religion. Functional Perspective: Religion is useful, Faith perspective: Ultimate Reality exists †¢ Why are there religions? (pg.3, para.5) They are the foundations of life, trying to explains human existence. Trying to escape reality and being in it at the same time. †¢ What are some of the explanations given for why there are religion (pgs.3-18) Different cultures trying to control people and having different cultures trying to answers life s biggest questions. †¢ Review question: ‘What are some of the different perspectives available for understanding religion’? See no.2, pg. 31. Well from a Sociological perspective, religion is community of people that think likewise about their deity. Humans are very social beings; we fall to peer pressure for a reason. Religion to many, is a symbol to who they are, what the stand for, and how they perceive their environment. †¢ What are some of the responses that people have or give for the belief in â€Å"Ultimate and Sacred Realities?† (pgs.7-13) In an ultimate reality the alone factor of your life is taken away. It is now about being part of the greater whole. They tell a story of universalism and becoming self- transcendence. †¢ What are the different names given to ultimate reality? (pg.8, para. 6) The different names for ultimate reality is immanent and transcendent. †¢Show MoreRelatedThank You For Your Letter Concerning The Content Of The1237 Words   |  5 Pagesprogram. Your worries about contemporary spirituality being taught in year 11 Study of Religion is understandable, but the focus on modern, contemporary spirituality expressed through video games is necessary and important for your child’s education. This is because some claim that it is possible to have spiritual experiences in video games and therefore it is important that SOR students can evaluate these themes in the light of the shifting nature of spirituality in Australia and ways that they can connectRead MoreSpirituality And Stress: How Spirituality Can. Enhance1369 Words   |  6 PagesSpirituality and Stress: How Spirituality Can Enhance Your Health The aspect of stress management that I will be discussing will be over spirituality and stress. I will be focusing on six main points that really grasp the concept of spirituality and stress. These six points include spiritual health, religion and spirituality, spirituality and health, how spirituality and religion affect health, volunteerism as a spiritual and healthy activity, and thoughts on spirituality, health, and managing stressRead MoreReligion : Religion And Religion1747 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor Jensen Religion Studies 102 Meaning of Life: Religion Throughout human history, religion is now and always has been the main topic of discussion. In my paper, I will discuss reasons why it is important to study religion and how it was constituted. Religion is what makes us who we are today. Therefore, there are many reasons to study religion. Religion has shown itself as being able to unite people and to divide them since everyone has his or her own beliefs. The study of religion is not onlyRead More Spirituality Essay663 Words   |  3 Pages Spirituality plays a very sub sequential role in my personal life. First of all, spirituality helps me govern what is right and what is wrong in my life. Many of the decisions that I make everyday, I believe are a direct result of my spirituality. For as long as I can remember I have been raised to believe that I should live my life the way God would want me to live it. Therefore, whenever I have a decision to make, I have to consider, what is right? And what is wrong? Second of all, it also help sRead MoreRelationship Between Religion And Spirituality1536 Words   |  7 PagesBibliography -1 Data from the American Medical Association Physician Master file was used to examine the ways in which psychiatrists’ and other physicians observe, and interpret the relationship between religion and spirituality and in clinical approaches. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, the authors examined the comparison of psychiatrists to other physicians to evaluate different religious and demographic characteristics. This study was conducted in the form of surveys in whichRead MoreWhat Does It Mean?1022 Words   |  5 Pagesdoes not have a perfect explanation and it does not mean one simple thing. I totally agree with John. I agree because â€Å"as a religion develops, disagreements can arise† (Coogan, p 10). Everyone had his or her own true meaning of being religious. In addition, religion is a key element in most human cultures. John and I believe that understanding the differences within a religion, you can cultivate many skills that will serve individuals we ll during their lifetime. For instance, I learned a lot aboutRead MoreA Spiritual Perspective On Theological Inquiry Essay1573 Words   |  7 PagesThis relationship also exists between spirituality and self-reflexivity, promoting an examined life which connects to a larger moral vision that extends beyond the self into the community. Spirituality, theological inquiry, and self-reflexivity interact as a paradox of religious identity rooted in one’s being while also being critically open, fair-minded, and participatory in dialogue. Karl Rahner’s â€Å"The Hearer of the Message† delineates the inherent connectivity between academic and spiritual lifeRead MoreWhy Is Personal Meaning So Important For Individuals? How Can Religion Help One Find A Sense Of Meaning853 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant to individuals? How can Religion help one find a sense of meaning? Personal meaning is so important to individuals because it is what makes them unique as a person. Everyone has their own meaning when it comes to religion, personal life and personal success and achievements. People find their own meaning is different aspects throughout their lifetime. For many people, religion continues to well serve as a provider of meaning. There are four criteria in which religion is uniquely capable of providingRead MoreThe Theory Of Religion And Spirituality1481 Words   |  6 PagesA Gallup poll indicated that religion is a â€Å"very important† part of the lives of approximately 67% of the American public, of whom 96% believe in God and 42% attend religious services regularly (Powell, Shahabi, Thoresen, 2003). People join religious institutions and follow spiritual paths for a variety of reasons, such as faith, prayer, social support, cultural traditions, commitment to the community, and more. The role of religion in people’s lives is dramatic and research on the topic has mirroredRead MoreWhy Is Personal Meaning So Important For Individuals? How Can Religion Help One Find A Sense Of Meaning850 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant to individuals? How can Religion help one find a sense of meaning? Personal meaning is very important because it gives the individual the choice to explore what gives meaning to them. What gives meaning and fulfillment to one individual not necessarily does the same for a different individual. For instance, many find the meaning of life through their religion while atheist find fulfillment in other things different than religion. For many, religion continues to well serve as a provider

An Overview to Chaos Theory in Sociology

Chaos theory is a field of study in mathematics; however, it has applications in several disciplines, including sociology and other social sciences. In the social sciences, chaos theory is the study of complex non-linear systems of social complexity. It is not about disorder but rather about very complicated systems of order. Nature, including some instances of social behavior and social systems, is highly complex, and the only prediction you can make is that it is unpredictable. Chaos theory looks at this unpredictability of nature and tries to make sense of it. Chaos theory aims to find the general order of social systems and particularly social systems that are similar to each other. The assumption here is that the unpredictability in a system can be represented as overall behavior, which gives some amount of predictability, even when the system is unstable. Chaotic systems are not random systems. Chaotic systems have some kind of order, with an equation that determines overall behavior. The first chaos theorists discovered that complex systems often go through a kind of cycle, even though specific situations are rarely duplicated or repeated. For example, say there is a city of 10,000 people. In order to accommodate these people, a supermarket is built, two swimming pools are installed, a library is erected, and three churches go up. In this case, these accommodations please everybody and equilibrium are achieved. Then a company decides to open a factory on the outskirts of town, opening jobs for 10,000 more people. The town then expands to accommodate 20,000 people instead of 10,000. Another supermarket is added, as are two more swimming pools, another library, and three more churches. The equilibrium is thus maintained. Chaos theorists study this equilibrium, the factors that affect this type of cycle, and what happens (what the outcomes are) when the equilibrium is broken. Qualities of a Chaotic System A chaotic system has three simple defining features: Chaotic systems are deterministic. That is, they have some determining equation ruling their behavior.Chaotic systems are sensitive to initial conditions. Even a very slight change in the starting point can lead to significantly different outcomes.Chaotic systems are not random, nor disorderly. Truly random systems are not chaotic. Rather, chaos has a send of order and pattern. Concepts There are several key terms and concepts used in chaos theory: Butterfly effect (also called sensitivity to initial conditions): The idea that even the slightest change in the starting point can lead to greatly different results or outcomes.Attractor: Equilibrium within the system. It represents a state to which a system finally settles.Strange attractor: A dynamic kind of equilibrium which represents some kind of trajectory upon which a system runs from situation to situation without ever settling down. Applications in Real-Life Chaos theory, which emerged in the 1970s, has impacted several aspects of real-life in its short life thus far and continues to impact all sciences. For instance, it has helped answer previously unsolvable problems in quantum mechanics and cosmology. It has also revolutionized the understanding of heart arrhythmias and brain function. Toys and games have also developed from chaos research, such as the Sim line of computer games (SimLife, SimCity, SimAnt, etc.).

American Presence on German Culture Essay - 1887 Words

In February of 1945, an unconditional surrender was written up, and to be presented to the successor of Adolf Hitler. Admiral Karl Doenitz signed this surrender in May of 1945 at the Yalta conference where Joseph Stalin, Franklin Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill would identify a means to the end. At the time, Admiral Doenitz had his military commanders assume the government positions in Germany until a new government was later established. The agreements outlined in the surrender at the Potsdam Conference between July and August of 1945 were later fulfilled since no peace conference was held to further diagram the future of Germany. The agreement at the Yalta conference is what eventually shaped the outcome of Germany’s future from†¦show more content†¦In the process of Russia laying its claim to other countries, they attempted to take over Greece as well, but the British arrived just in time to prevent the takeover. Russia had already expanded so far into the ot her European nations that it was somewhat inflated. This caused a significant thinning of Russian forces in Greece, making it less difficult for Great Britain to force them out. This could have led to a different turn of events in the near future if Greece had turned communist at that time. Only speculation and the entertainment industry should expand upon this. The Division of a Nation With the division of Germany between the allied forces, came the commencement of the divided sectors. America now occupied their sector of Germany to the South West enveloping all of Bavaria and some of the smaller surrounding areas. After the halt of forces after the surrender of Germany to the Allied Nations, Russia still had the intention of proceeding forward, but with the United States dropping the two nuclear warheads on Nagasaki and Hiroshima, Russia decided to halt their push into Europe further, in the fear that they too would undergo an attack to prevent a further threat. They began research on ways to counter the new threat of nuclear weaponry, and soon armed themselves with their own nuclear weapons. Thus began The Cold War, and the rivalry between Russia, and America wouldShow MoreRelatedCase Study on Walmart681 Words   |  3 Pagesregarding the manner in which a company approaches (and fails miserably) in expanding operations outside the United States pertains to WalMarts endeavor to open the German market. After eight years of attempting to dominate and control the retail market much like it has accomplished in the United States, WalMart pulled the plug on its German operations and left that market with its business tail stuck between its legs. Headlined in the Times was the fact that WalMart, the worlds largest retailerRead MoreDisney s Success At The Disney World1741 Words   |  7 Pagessuccess in Europe was not as straight forward as anticipated. Poor understanding of the market place and failing to adapt to the French culture was a major factor in contributing to the failure first experienced by EuroDisney. Management entered France with an ethnocentric mindset, believing the European market would enjoy the same experiences that Americans do. Also management was unable to effectively mound together the controllable and uncontrollable environment. Disney executives promoted theRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Related Homicide1045 Words   |  5 Pagesinfluence over this statistic, which makes the homicide rate difficult to predict. In the poverty-stricken environment that about 15.5% of Germans and 14.5% of Americans live in, many children and young adults feel pressured into make decisions for themselves, and one such decision often involves joining a gang. (Central Intelligence Agency) Gang culture frequently and commonly associates itself with weapons, specifically firearms. The National Institute of Justice estimated that nearly 95% ofRead MoreXenophobia in America Essay851 Words   |  4 Pagesrole that culture plays in the way people behave. Massino finds a combination of biological and cultural forces to be responsible as the primary trigger to the fear of strangers. Culture has an enormous effect on the way people view other people. People tend to have a mentality of seeking refuge among those that makes them feel secure. The United States for example, is perhaps the country that posses the largest cultural diversity in the world. Nevertheless, we don’t see all this cultures intermixingRead MoreThe Conversion Rate Of A Profitable Price873 Words   |  4 Pagesthe conversion rate was to repeat trends of 2011, then Nokona would be able to secure the conversion difference to their advantage. Target Market Nokona primarily sells its products to retailers. Consequently, the target market for Nokona is small German sports equipment retailers. Fielder’s Choice is an example of this type of retailer. Their business is mainly conducted online, but they own a small store in Hilden, Germany (Fielder’s Choice) . Unlike the United States, a major sports equipmentRead MoreThe Cold War On Europe1282 Words   |  6 Pageseach other directly on the military field, they had an open and intensive competition in the area of culture and consumerism. Eastern Europe was considered as the Soviet sphere of influence. Most of the states in this area were part of the USSR. They were called Soviet’ satellites. Moscow’s influence in the satellites was immense. â€Å"In East Germany, Poland, Hungary and Romania, the physical presence of sizeable Soviet forces bears daily witness to Soviet domination of these satellites. In all theRead MoreWar Without Mercy Essay777 Words   |  4 Pageshated than the Germans before as well as after Pearl Harbor. On this, there was no dispute among contemporary observers. They were perceived as a race apart, even a species apart -- and an overpoweringly monolithic one at that. There was no Japanese counterpart to the good German in the popular consciousness of the Western Allies. (8) Mostly he focused on the American atrocities than the Japanese atrocities during the Pacific war. To the Americans, the Japanese, unlike the Germans, were all a raceRead MoreA Textbook Analysis1425 Words   |  6 PagesFirst look for the presence of the target culture in the textbook... a. Does the textbook present mostly â€Å"Culture† or mostly â€Å"culture† or a good balance of both? Give examples. As far as I noticed the textbook presents more Culture than culture. This might be justified by the fact that it is easier for students with a limited knowledge of a language to understand complex issues or cultural information within a broader background. On the other hand, culture is taught for exampleRead MoreHow and Why the Treaty of Versailles Differed from Woodrow Wilsons Fourteen Points1021 Words   |  5 Pagesviews of the local people who lived in future colonies to be taken into consideration, he wanted for all the land to be returned to their rightful countries for example, Alsace and Lorraine were to be returned to France, he wanted the Germans to leave Belgium and for the other countries to leave the Russian territory. These points were also known as Wilsons idea of national self-determination. However the Treaty of Versailles had other ideas. The terms stated that all of Read MoreCritique of Meindle’s Management and Leadership Styles1177 Words   |  5 Pagesinstead of letting the purchase manager sign for it. He reviewed every piece of mail that was delivered to the company. He was also rude and at times obnoxious. He degraded female employees. Spoke in German during company meetings to those who understood German, despite the presence of other non-German speaking managers. He made all of his office staff take lunch the same time that he did which was separate from the plant employees. He refused to allow other sales people to call on the company’s

Gothic Horror Essay Example For Students

Gothic Horror Essay Clearly a creature of intelligence, the monster realises that his only chance of friendship is with this poor disabled chap in his lonely house. One day he finds him alone. He enters the hut. He asks for friendship well, sort of. Everything seems at first to be going bumps-a-daisy. Unfortunately it then shoots downhill like a shoved nun it went black then white then black then white White points were that the old chap seemed to like him. Black points were that the rest of his family came back, took the monster at face value (titter, titter) and turned him out into the outer darkness, where there is much wailing and gnashing of teeth. And why? He hadnt explained his problem fully to the old man. He dillied. He dallied. And in the end he lost out. He gave a great introduction to his speech, but circumstances stopped him from reaching the res. Finding himself once more friendless and in the cold he starts out upon his mad quest for friendship and revenge. If Frankenstein had loved him in the first place, none of this would have happened. Chapter Five, therefore, is the starting point for many of the novels intricacies. However, it is also the start of something which was new at the time, something which made the novel a sure-fire winner: Gothic Horror. Chapter Five is the first if not only chapter in Frankenstein which is pure Gothic Horror in the true sense of the phrase. Every line nay, every word oozes Gothic and every second word perspires horror. Take the first sentence for instance: It was on a dreary night of November that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils. Whoa! Even the first eight words would have done. It was Instantly we are cast into a state of apprehension. That word it: a true stalwart of the English language, used thousands of times per minute across the whole globe and yet sadly neglected in most analysis of texts; oh, unhappy it! For underneath that shabby exterior lies a wealth of meaning, emotion and indeed power. Specifying the definite, announcing fact, preparing the way for revelations, it does it all. And now couple these startling two letters to the three letter word was: it was. Not great to look at admittedly, but it is a sure sign of better things to come. A more dramatic way of introducing a subject has yet to be imagined. But the beauty of it was is in its power. Not only does it display the blatantly obvious influences detailed above, but it also maintains an ominous subtlety the sinister use of the past tense. It isnt, it was. As thoroughbred Brits we tend to use the present tense for happiness and the past for despair. This is, no doubt, because the present is unchangeable, exhaustible and should be enjoyed while it lasts whereas the past is full of death, darkness and, as Frankenstein would say, despair. Consequently, when a member of the British public reads those formidable and menacing words it was he is much inclined to close the curtains, pull his head under the covers and generally get ready for a terrifying introduction, excursion or climax as the case may be. I could rhapsody forever about the cunning Mary Shelley showed by employing such a skilfully crafted weapon as it was to open her fifth chapter, but time marches on and so must I.  A, when used in the right place and at the right time, can be extremely powerful. It is, after all, the indefinite article and should not be overlooked. But as I am at nearly 2,800 words already I think that maybe I should skip it just this once, though. And so we come to the fourth word of our little clause: dreary. Now were getting somewhere! Dreary is the quintessential gothic word, the champagne of an authoress vocabulary, the Dior of her dictionary and the Wensleydale of her text (for the uneducated amongst you, Wensleydale is a cheese highly admired in the better circles but often underrated by the general public). Just say it slowly to yourself; savour the subtle nuances of dreadfulness, the nutty shadows of despair; roll it around your mouth as if you were a snooker table and it a ball; then elongate that ear until the floor starts to shake and the smoke alarms to ring. Now you have experienced dreariness. TajMahal 1852 EssayMany people miss the fact that Frankenstein fails at acting both Mother and Father to his creation. Who can say what would have happened if he had just played Father? If someone else had done the maternal stuff leaving Victor to enforce discipline and generally be nice and paternal? Was she saying that, although successful at giving birth to the creature he didnt do any of the other things that a mother would have done? Was that why his baby turned evil? I was benevolent and good; misery made me a fiend. Make me happy and I shall again be virtuous says the monster later on in the novel. Maybe Mary Shelley, a woman herself, was warning mothers to stay at home and nurse their children otherwise they would turn into little horrors? If she was it shows great foresight, as it wasnt until the Second World War (over 100 years later) that mothers started to work. However, I do believe that if that was what she was saying then she hit the nail on the head: I think that the broken relationships, depressed children and general social chaos around today is mostly down to working mothers. Somehow I dont think that Mrs. Shelley was quite saying all that. After all, she didnt have much experience at that sort of thing, her only child dying shortly after birth. Its much more likely that she was pointing her finger at science. Chapter Five is very much a chapter of science. It states things. It has a hypothesis, a fleeting glimpse (I gathered my instruments about me) of a method and what is, when you think about it, a pretty obvious result. It is from Chapter Five that disaster springs. Is it from science that all catastrophes leap? Was Mary Shelley writing a strong retort to the scientific obsessions of the time? Her father William Godwin was a successful author and radical thinker who knew Humphrey Davy, a chemist who believed that chemistry was the underlying principle of all life. She regularly attended scientific lectures with her husband Percy and consequently was well briefed with the facts that modern science had discovered. Could she have been such a great supporter of scientific advances and yet be aware of and warn against the dangers of incautious fascination? Yes quite easily. However, she could also quite easily have purely used pertinent facts to give her fantasy a flavour of reality. Was she a socially aware and clear-thinking moraliser or just an authoress with a flair for combining imagination with realism? That is for each and every one to decide individually, there being no clear argument either way. I personally favour the latter alternative as it sounds more like human nature. If, however, she did write Frankenstein as a social statement then what was the point? Was it worthwhile? Has she been heeded? We have now developed methods of cloning animals. One day these practices may be applied to humanity Will Mary Shelleys advice be listened to and noted or will science take control? Will life become secondary to technology? Will contemporary scientists act like modern-day Frankensteins? Chapter Five is the diving board from which a tragic tale falls. Will we, as a planet, one day be in our very own Chapter Five?

SAP and the Evolving Enterprise Resource Planning Software Industry

System application and product (SAP) was founded in 1972 by five German IBM computer analysts who had left Company. SAP mission is to design software programs for central coordination and processing of information on cross functional and cross divisional financial transactions in a company’s value chain.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on SAP and the Evolving Enterprise Resource Planning Software Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is focused on developing enterprise resource planning system (ERP); a multi module applications software that allow companies to manage set of activities and transaction necessary to manage business processes, moving of products from the input stage along the value chain to the final customer. SAP is focused on making a system that can recognize, monitor , measure, and evaluate all the transactions involved in a business process such as product planning, purchasing of input from supplier, manufacturing process, inventory and order processing, and customer self service. SAP goals are to come up with EPR system that provides companies with a standardized information technology platform giving complete information about all aspects of its business process and divisions. This is to allow business to constantly search for ways to perform these process more efficiently and lower its cost structure, improve its services and products in order to raise their value to customer. It aims at coming up with software that can provide information that allows for the design of product that match customer needs and lead to superior responsiveness to customer. It also, aims at making software that portrayed companies on the performance of their products and goods in various markets. Additionally, SAP intends to make software that can compare and measure company’s transactions in all divisions and reveal any problems a company is experiencing. For instance i t can detect company’s unwanted expenditures. SAP’s strategy led invention of R/1, its first EPR software in 1973. SAP focused on influential niche of companies and helped in developing a global base of leading companies. It strategized to create a global industry standard for EPR through providing the best business application software infrastructure.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To increase its customers, SAP switched strategies in 1980. It decided to focus primarily on outsourcing, external consulting, and implementation of services needed to install and service its software on site in a particular company. It formed alliance series with major global consulting companies like IBM, Accenture, and Cap Gemini to install R/1 system in its growing base of global customers. In its U.S subsidiary, each regional SAP division started developing its own proced ure for pricing SAP software, offering discounts, dealing with customer complaints, and even rewarding its employees and consultants. To solve problem of competition SAP sought a quick fix by releasing new R/3 solution for ERP internet enabled SCM and CRM solution which converted its internal ERP system into an externally based network platform. By providing a simpler and cheaper version of its application software coupled with the introduction of the many mySAP business solution packages, SAP broadened its offering targeted market not only to large corporation but also to small medium seized companies. To support its mySAP initiative, SAP continued to build in house training and consulting capabilities to increase its share of revenue from service side its business. It increased web software which paid off because the company was now better able to recognize the problems experienced by customer. Also, SAP was seeking to establish R/3 as new ERP market standard and lock in customer before competitors could offer viable alternatives. This strategy was vital for its future success, given the way an ERP system changes the nature of customer’s business process once it is installed and running due to high switching costs involved in moving to another ERP product, and the involved costs that customer warrants void. SAP standardized the way each subsidiary or division operated across the company, thus making it easier to transfer people and knowledge where they were needed most. It also developed a large global training function to provide the extensive ERP training that consultants needed and charged both individuals and consulting company’s high fees for attending this course so that they would be able work with the SAP platform. SAP’s strength includes developing an EPR system which can provide a company with the information needed to achieve the best industry practices across its operations. SAP earns more revenues from training consultants i n the intricacies of installing and maintaining SAP’s ERP system.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on SAP and the Evolving Enterprise Resource Planning Software Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It depends much on consulting companies and on becoming the expert in the installation / customization. Introduction of SAP’s R/3 outperformed its competitor product in a technical sense and once again allowed it to charge premium price for its new software. SAP’s weaknesses are that its R/1 software installation process was long and complicated. For a company to adapt its information systems to fit the SAP’s software; it must use consultants to rework the way it performs and its values chain activities so that its business process and information system can become compatible with SAP’s software. SAP relying much on consulting and becoming expert in installation/customization b rought problems later since it lost first hand knowledge of its customer’ problem and an understanding of the changing needs of its customer’ especially when the internet and cross company integration became a major competitive factor in ERP industry. SAP ignored marketing and sales competency and focused on developing its technical competency. Its top managers were not experienced business managers who understood the problem of implementing a rapidly growing company’s strategy on a global basis. It lacked standardization and integration inside America and indeed between many foreign subsidiaries and their headquarters in Germany. It did not have a monitoring or coordination mechanism in place to share own best practices between its consultants and division, and organizing by region in the United States was doing little to build core competences. SAP’s R/3 was also criticized for being too standardized because it forced all companies to adapt what SAP had decided were best industry practices. Reconfiguring the software to fit certain companies’ needs took along time and sometimes did not perform as well as expected. SAP’s opportunities included updating of its basic ERP platform to accommodate the needs of companies in different kinds of industries. It registered in Frankfurt stock exchange 1988 to raise cash for its development after which it dominated ERP software sales.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Because of R/3 growing popularity SAP decentralized and controlled marketing, sale, and installation of its software on global basis but its research and development remained in Germany. Developing of internet and broadband technology become important force in shaping a company’s business model and process in future. The internet was changing the way in which the company viewed its boundaries; through the emergence of global ecommerce and online cross company’s business process both at the input and output sides. Developing web software was also made it easier for the company to cooperate and work with supplier and manufacturing company and to outsource activities to specialists. Oracle began its own EPR software which posed a threat to SAP since it did not develop its own database management software package; its system was designed to be compatible with Oracle’s data base management software. SAP decentralization faced a problem since it could not provide thor ough training on consultants needed to perform the installation of its software. Some of consultants would leave after training to join other company or start an industry specific SAP consulting practice. People had notion that SAP software are difficult and expensive to implement which hurt its reputation and sales. SAP was involved in disputes with other companies over the R/3 software. For instance, Chevron major creditors sued SAP in court alleging that the company had promised that R/3 would do more than it could. SAP decentralization mission to supply software that linked functions and divisions did not come true; it separated them and characteristic problem of too much decentralization of authority soon became evident in SAP. Internet development also posed a severe threat to SAP’s management who had been proud of the fact that until now they had developed every thing internally. Rivalry among major software makers in the new web based software market became more inten se and SAP had to deal with competition from large and small software companies that were breaking into the new web based ERP environment. Oracle emerged as its major competitor; it had taken its core data base management software used by large companies and overlaid it. New companies like Siebel system, Commerce one, Ariba, and Marcum which emerged as niche players in some software application such as SCM, CRM, internet, or website development and hosting also began to build and expand their product offering so that they now posed ERP modules that competed with some of SAP’s most lucrative R/3 modules. In its implementation, SAP culture was built on values and norms that emphasized technical innovation, and the development of leading ERP software. SAP invested most of its money into research and development to fund projects that would add to its platform’s capabilities. SAP was product focused company and believed research and development would produce technical advan ces that would be the source of its competitive advantage. It ventured in ERP in1973 through introducing R/1 and 1981 SAP introduced its second generation ERP software, R/2. In 1992 SAP introduced R/3 which offered seamless, real time integration for over 80% of a company’s business process. It embedded in the platform hundreds and then thousands of industry best practices solution or templates that customer could use to improve their operation and processes. In the first years SAP did not only developed EPR software but it used its own internal consultants to install it physically on site to its customers, corporation, and IT centers. It also emphasized on innovation. SAP decentralized control of its marketing, sales, and installation to its subsidiaries. Its top managers operated from the beginning by creating a flat hierarchy to create an internal environment where people could take risks and try new ideas of their own choosing. If mistakes occurred or projects did not wor k out, employees were given the freedom to try a different approach. Hard work, teamwork, openness, and speed were the norms of their culture. Required meeting were rare and offices were frequently empty because most of the employees were concentrating on research and development. SAP established human resource management in 1997 to build a more formal organization. Its goal was to standardize the way each subsidiary or division operated across the company, thus making it easier to transfer people and knowledge where they were needed most. It also developed a large global training function to provide the extensive ERP training that consultants needed and charged both individuals and consulting company’s high fees for attending this course so that they would be able work with the SAP platform. In 1998 SAP followed industry solution maps, business technology maps, and service maps, all of which were aimed at making its R/3 system dynamic and responsive to changes in industry co nditions. SAP’s business model and strategies became clear when it introduced its mySAP.com (mySAP) initiative to gain control of the web based ERP, SCM and CRM market; to extend its research into any ecommerce or internet based software application. SAP’s software would no longer force the customer to adapt to SAP’s standardized architecture; mySAP software was adapted to facilitate company’s transition into a business. MySAP provided the platform that would allow SAP’S product offering to expand broaden overtime; important feature because web based software was evolving to ever more varied application. SAP focused on making mySAP more affordable by breaking up its modules and business solutions into smaller, separate products. Customer could choose which particular solution best met their specific needs; they no longer had to buy the whole package. Given existing resources constraints and time pressure and the need to create a more profitable bus iness model, in the 2000 SAP realized that it needed to partner with companies that now dominated in various niches of the software market. By utilizing already developed best of breed software, SAP would have to deploy the capital necessary if it were to go it alone. In addition, synergies across partner companies might allow future development to be accomplished more efficiently and enable it to bring new mySAP products to the market more quickly. It also used acquisition to drive its entry into new segment of the acquisition to drive its entry into new segment of the web software. It started SAP hosting to provide hosting and web maintenance services. The recession that started in 2000 and increased competition in the ERP industry, SAP and Oracle in particular battled to protect and increase their market share. Implementing mySAP, SAP had begun to centralize authority and control in order to standardize its own business processes and manage knowledge effectively across organizati onal subunits. To respond to changing customer needs for product customization, SAP now moved to decentralize control to programmers and its sales force to manage problems where and when they arose. SAP’s managers felt that in an environment where market were saturated with ERP vendor and where customer wanted services and system that are to use, it was important to get close to the customer. SAP put in place its own application software for integrating across its operating division and subsidiaries allowing them to share best practices and new development and thus avoid problem that come with too much decentralization of authority. To speed the software development process, SAP divided its central German software development group into three teams in 2000. One team works on the development of new product and feature, the second refines and updates functions in its existing products, and third works on making SAP products easier to install. After 2001 once again to speed up t he implementation of the mySAP initiative, SAP folded the market and SAP portals subsidiaries into SAP’s other operation and split the SAP product line into distinct but related mySAP product group each of which was to be treated as an independent profit center, with the head of each product group reporting directly to SAP’s chairperson. SAP also changed the way the three German engineering groups worked with the different mySAP products groups. The software engineer at its German headquarter beside conducting basic research and development would be responsible for coordinating the efforts of different mySAP engineering groups, sharing new software developments among groups, providing expert solutions, and ensuring all different mySAP applications worked together. SAP opened the development process to its competitor and allowed them to work with SAP team to make their products compatible with SAP’s product and with the computer platform or legacy system already installed in their customers operation. The company also instituted stricter training and certification method for consultants to improve the level of quality control and protect its reputation. At global level, SAP grouped is national subsidiaries into three main world regions: Europe, the America, and Asia/Pacific. This grouping made it easier to transfer knowledge and information between countries and serve the specific demands of national market inside each region. Also this global structure made it easier to manage relationship with consulting companies and to coordinate regional marketing and training effort, both under the jurisdiction of the centralized marketing and training operations. In 2002 SAP introduced R/3 enterprise which targeted at customer not yet ready to make the leap to mySAP. It was a collection of web software that can be added easily to the R/3 platform to provide a company with the ability to network with other companies and perform many ecommerce operatio ns. They also developed a new business computing solution called SAP NetWeaver; a web based open integration and application platform that serves as foundation for enterprise serve as the foundation for enterprise service oriented architecture and allows the integration and alignment of people, information, and business processes across business and technology boundaries. To control SAP’s operations, it introduced human resource management. It developed job description and job title, and put in place a career structure that would motivate employees and keep them loyal to the company. SAP put in place reward system which included stock option to increase the loyalty of their technicians, who were being attracted away by their competitor or had started their business because SAP did not offer a future career path. It operated formally, and centralized to encourage organizational learning and promote sharing of own best implementation practices across division and subsidiaries. To improve the cost effectiveness of mySAP installation, SAP sought a better way to manage its relationship with consulting companies. It moved to a parallel sourcing policy in which several consulting firms competed for a customer’s business and it made sure a SAP consultant was always involved in the installation and service effort to monitor external consultant’s performance. This helped keep service cost under control for customers. Because customers’ needs changed so quickly in this fast paced market and SAP continually improved its products with incremental innovation and additional capabilities, it also insisted that consultants undertake continual training to update their skills, training for which it charged high fees. SAP adopted a stock option program to retain valuable employees after losing many key employees to competitor. It increasingly embraced the concept of open architecture and its mySAP offerings are compatible with the products of most othe r software makers. It had already ensured that its mySAP platform worked with operating system such as Microsoft NT, Sun’s Java, and UNIX. To reduce cost, SAP began to outsource its routine future programming development work overseas to low cost countries such as India. SAP also began to use its expanding Indian research center to develop new ERP modules to serve new customer in a more industries or vertical markets. In evaluation SAP has drastically made innovations on EPR which has made it to survive and thrive well in global software market. It has over years experienced growth in software sales, consulting, maintenance and training. Its maintenance service has provided continuous improvement, quality management, and problem solution so that client stays up to date with the best business practice that the company embeds to its software. It has continued to experience increase in net income. It has worked hard to compete with other competitor companies and build up its cus tomer base in order to increase its profit margin In recommendation SAP should search out new ways to increase growth and generate revenues because the market is getting saturated now that most large companies have adopted best practice ERP software. To generate increased revenue SAP should increase involvement in service training activities, which will put it in direct competition with IT consulting companies such as IBM and Cap Gemini. It should also broaden the range of products it offers to the SME business segment in order to compete with Oracle, Microsoft and New internet companies. To survive in future, SAP should focus on making investors believe in future growth potential of acquisition and business model. It should focus on increasing profitability by improving productivity, to better serve its users with new products and expand to new industries, help customers transition and gain benefits from enterprise SOA, which using netweaver allows customer to seamlessly integrate the software of different vendors into a whole and links it to the internet, making possible real time upgrades and improvements. SAP should continuously embark on strength in developing an EPR system which can provide a company with the information needed to achieve the best industry practices across its operations. It should work to become expert in the installation / customization and outperformed its competitor product in a technical sense. It should ensure that its R/1 software installation process brief and easy. SAP should also focus on marketing and sales competency. It should employ top managers who are experienced for them to understand the problem of implementing a rapidly growing company’s strategy on a global basis. It should have standardization and integration inside America and indeed between many foreign subsidiaries and their headquarters in Germany. It should embrace internet and broadband technology to Shape Company’s business model and process in f uture. This case study on SAP and the Evolving Enterprise Resource Planning Software Industry was written and submitted by user NicoMinoru to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Jungle

The Jungle Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle is the story of a Lithuanian family that immigrates from their home city in Lithuania to the city of Chicago. The novel begins with the strong description of a wedding in which Ona Lukoszaite and Jurgis Rudkus are united in Holy Matrimony. The two of them then move to Chicago, to live their American dream. Soon after the wedding, Ona and Jurgis have many great debts to pay due to both the wedding, and a large debt that Ona’s father left them after he died. Due to Jurgis’s large size and strong will he found a job in Chicago within only a half an hour of waiting in the unemployment line. Back in the newlywed’s hometown of Lithuania, Ona and Jurgis’ family anticipated a move to America. America uses the image of the â€Å"American Dream† to lure immigrants to this land of opportunity. The family desperately desires higher wages and true freedom. For months and months, Jurgis works very hard to pay for the families travel to Ona and Jurgis’ new hometown, Chicago. When the family finally makes it to America, their funds are very low. They met with a well off man named Jokubas Szedvilas who placed the family in a run down youth hostel. Jokubas takes the family to the meatpacking factory. He makes jokes about the sanitation of the operation (due only to the lack of quality of the meat). The family finds an advertisement for a housing complex that is very cheap. They talk to a real estate agent and they go see the housing complex. The houses aren’t as big and luxurious as they are pictured in the advertisement, but the price is right. The real estate agent swindles them, and they are pulled into the contract. Sinclair emphasizes the corruption of upper class society during this era. Jurgis’s father, Dede Antanas, is promised a job by a grubby worker, but only if he pays that worker one third of his wages. He takes the job despite the disgusting working co... Free Essays on Jungle Free Essays on Jungle THE JUNGLE A boss according to Webster’s Dictionary is one who has authority over another. Bosses exist and have existed throughout all of history. Bosses managed the slaves of America. In THE JUNGLE bosses directed the lives, work, and politics of Packingtown and bosses manage labor today. The behavior of bosses over time has varied and varies according to their own personal natures, the character of their own employers and the regulatory systems set in place to control them. Certainly today our ‘bosses‘ are controlled in behavior by multiple government regulations limiting hours, sexual interactions, hiring and firing practices, health care, wages etc. Throughout history bosses have been oppressive, indifferent, or, even sometimes humane. Upton Sinclair’s Packingtown bosses driven by wealthy industrialists evidenced some of the worst behaviors of men managing other men. It was felt that even the slaves of the South were often better treated than the ‘wage slaves’ of the North. Sadly abuse of the ‘wage slave’ was not limited to men but included women, the very few that lived to be elderly, and even young children. Bosses manipulated women in age old sexual harrassment forcing them to give in to demands against their moral standards. The goal, of course, for the boss was financial gain for his employer – the wealthy industrialist of Packingtown, Chicago. In Packingtown, the labor force was composed mainly of new immigrants who were struggling with language, culture, and poverty. These people were targeted for many of the abuses designed to exact the greatest financial rewards for the meat packing industry. In his book, Sinclair also details the horrifying abuse of processing the product which actually touched the sensitivities of the American people more than the abuses of the labor force. In any case, this paper addresses the treatment and effects of labor pr... Free Essays on Jungle The Jungle Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle is the story of a Lithuanian family that immigrates from their home city in Lithuania to the city of Chicago. The novel begins with the strong description of a wedding in which Ona Lukoszaite and Jurgis Rudkus are united in Holy Matrimony. The two of them then move to Chicago, to live their American dream. Soon after the wedding, Ona and Jurgis have many great debts to pay due to both the wedding, and a large debt that Ona’s father left them after he died. Due to Jurgis’s large size and strong will he found a job in Chicago within only a half an hour of waiting in the unemployment line. Back in the newlywed’s hometown of Lithuania, Ona and Jurgis’ family anticipated a move to America. America uses the image of the â€Å"American Dream† to lure immigrants to this land of opportunity. The family desperately desires higher wages and true freedom. For months and months, Jurgis works very hard to pay for the families travel to Ona and Jurgis’ new hometown, Chicago. When the family finally makes it to America, their funds are very low. They met with a well off man named Jokubas Szedvilas who placed the family in a run down youth hostel. Jokubas takes the family to the meatpacking factory. He makes jokes about the sanitation of the operation (due only to the lack of quality of the meat). The family finds an advertisement for a housing complex that is very cheap. They talk to a real estate agent and they go see the housing complex. The houses aren’t as big and luxurious as they are pictured in the advertisement, but the price is right. The real estate agent swindles them, and they are pulled into the contract. Sinclair emphasizes the corruption of upper class society during this era. Jurgis’s father, Dede Antanas, is promised a job by a grubby worker, but only if he pays that worker one third of his wages. He takes the job despite the disgusting working co...

Explain How Electronic Recycling will better the environment as a Annotated Bibliography

Explain How Electronic Recycling will better the environment as a whole - Annotated Bibliography Example Alternatively, other new perspectives of comprehending the implications of electronic recycling continue to emerge because of extensive research (Parsons & Oja, 2013). The writers cite military simulations conducted in the US that currently attempt to reduce equipment damage and physical harm to both soldiers and citizens. Overall, this safeguards the environment because a lot of computer materials are recycled for reuse in the facilitation of communication and surveillance unlike the disposal of such electronic gadgets. Similarly, electronic recycling through computer simulation nurtures potential environmentalists concerned with the total protection of their surrounding irrespective of arising costs. In a symposium conducted by environmentalists and scientists, several issues emerged on the successes and failures of electronic recycling. According to (Zhang, 2011), the development of effective recycling techniques has resulted to the proper use of printed circuit boards (PCBs). This means success has been achieved in recovering hazardous soldering materials to assist in leaching studies. In the same perspective, the safe disposal and treatment of PCBs resin has heralded a novel way of recycling electronic materials. Unfortunately, some organizations continue to violate electronic recycling standards and this hampers success in reducing the organic swelling characterized by PCBs.

Because I could not stop for death by Dickinsons Essay

Because I could not stop for death by Dickinsons - Essay Example This poem was initially written as ‘The Chariot’. Dickinson went into chronic isolation for 25 years; she wanted to leave the physical life and indulged in the complexities of soul and a free mind. Her friends had separated from her; some had got married and others had moved on in their life. This is when she became aloof and made perpetual decisions in her life. This critically acclaimed poem came out when she decided to detach from public exposure, friends and family. It basically represents Emily’s personification of death; she identified death with a gentleman. The discussion of Dickinson’s poem is significant to comprehend the varying criticisms and interpretations of her work. The poem is equally well-built and spiritual, beguiling literature-obsessed generations to a philosophical understanding of death and our emblematic relationship with it. A developmental paper for this poem enables the researches and readers alike evaluate the difference of opin ions and attitudes towards this poem and the sheer importance of death. Some view this poem from the perceptual lens of social death; some view it as physical death and some state that Dickinson’s focus was primarily on spiritual death. One of the critics goes on to relate her work to Christianity and its core beliefs about afterlife, whereas some literary experts say that this poem was the result of mere loneliness. Four interpretations of ‘Because I could not stop death’ are being presented below, following a precise conclusion. Mary Neff Shaw (1991) built upon the work of Dickinson. Her understanding of the poem reveals that Dickinson was preoccupied with her past relationships and images. The poem links death and eternity together, delving into the layers of soul. Dickinson attempted to explain the reality of the individual as part of the spiritual universe and not just the physical existence. The progression in the poem shoes how the author developed a deepe r and a more reflective understanding of her past. Another important aspect pointed out in Shaw’s paper was the stages that he has inferred from this poem. According to him, when Dickinson says ‘school’ she points towards the tender childhood memories; later when she says ‘fields’, she is indicating maturity that comes in the middle age and finally when she talks about the ‘setting of the sun’, she is implying the onset of old age. A review quoted in the Indian Journal of research, explains Emily Dickinson’s biography as well as her literary development. Premalatha (2012) in this review elaborates on how intense Dickinson’s writing has been. The way she portrays emotions symbolically is commendable; for instance, the author of this review examined how Emily painted the picture of sensations of death and life in her work indirectly. Her writing becomes more relatable as she gives a persona to entities like life, death and so ul. Dickinson, in her poem, tried to illustrate how the human body, on a physical level suffers throughout life from cradle to the funeral. Moreover, the way Dickinson has personalized the thought content of a dying person, has been critically appreciated. This review also highlighted the transitional presentation of life before and after death in Dickinson’s poem. Furthermore, Premalatha has also remarked on the delicate description of death. The words ‘Death drives slowly’, ‘knows no hate’ and ‘kindly’ represent the author’s endeavor to embrace death instead of fearing it. The manifestation of death as a ‘carriage’ tells how death can be a source of ease from life’s frustration and worry. These interpretations are highly related to Dickinson’s life. Literature review demonstrates that she was socially depressed which made her

English literature exam paper Essay Example for Free

English literature exam paper Essay †¢How does the writer present her thoughts and feeling about the struggle for identity? †¢How far is the extract similar to and different from your wider reading about the struggle for identity in modern literature? You should consider the writers’ choices of form, structure and language as well as subject matter. Betty Friedan has started her speech with two rhetorical questions, â€Å"Am I saying that women have to be liberated from men? That men are the enemy?† She is encouraging her audience to think about what her feelings are exactly. She quickly answers her own question, â€Å"No.† Within the first two sentences she has already got her audience to think about her views and their response to that. This was a good way to get her audience intrigued about the content of the rest of her speech. Her first paragraph is a basic overview of her feelings on the modern’s women’s movement. This way she can develop her points further in the rest of her speech. Throughout her speech, Friedan uses very negative language to describe men and their actions. For example, forced, suppressed, brutal etc. This shows that she has very negative views towards men and isn’t afraid to share this. She uses this pessimistic language to show how men have been holding back women and their struggle for identity. She says â€Å"men are going to bear the guilty burden of the passive destiny they have forced upon women,† The word forced is quite a harsh and aggressive word and this shows how she feel women have been treated by the other sex. She uses the metaphor of men and women being half human because of certain things holding them aback. For example, â€Å"Men are not allowed to cry.† And â€Å"as women are only half-human, until we can go this next step forward.† This shows that women can’t feel whole or complete until she is equal with men. The metaphor is carried on in the last paragraph but that when women are finally â€Å"allowed to become full people† that the next generations will live in a better wo rld. The word â€Å"allowed† suggest that she feels women are being suppressed by men or another controlling factor. Friedan says in the last paragraph â€Å"relate to each other in terms of all of the possible dimensions of our personalities – male and female, as comrades, as colleagues, as friends, as lovers.† Firstly she shows that they are separate as she disconnects by separating the genders, â€Å"male and female†. However, she then describes both the male and female population together â€Å"as comrades†. The word â€Å"comrades† have military connotations. This shows that men and women could work together in something that is seen as so masculine as the army. She then describes them â€Å"as colleagues†. This follows on from being comrades. If they can work together efficiently together in the military then they can handle working together in everyday jobs as equals. The effect of the whole list is that they are different (different genders) but are equal. She shows the struggle that women face in everyday life, â€Å"hate and jealousy and buried resentment and hypocrisies,† These words all help to show how negatively the way women are being treated is seen. Friedan then goes on to explain what life will be after men have learnt to except that women are people to, â€Å"there will be a whole new sense of love that will make what we call love on Valentine’s Day look very pallid.† There is two ways to look at this. Firstly, Valentine’s Day is meant to be the one day in the year where you show how much you love someone, this can show how much gaining an identity means to the women and what it will do to the world. However, one could argue that Valentine’s Day is only one day a year and so the changes could only be semi permanent. The whole speech from Betty Friedan is all about women’s struggle for identity. In Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller, there are subtle hints about the same issue. For example, at the end of Act One Biff and Happy are talking to Willy about getting some money and starting up a business together, Linda is also in the room. Linda tries to speak, â€Å"Maybe things are beginning to –â€Å" and Will ironically interrupts her and says â€Å"Stop interrupting,† Throughout the play Willy is putting Linda down even though she is the only person in the family that is really concerned about Willy’s health. However, we can see that in the play Willy represents the older generations views on women and Biff has the more modern and just outlook on it which represents the younger generation. This is shown again at the end of Act One. Linda starts to speak again and Willy interrupts her as he has done previously however this time Biff tells Willy â€Å"Don’t yell at her pop, will ya?† this shows how the women’s battle for identity has been paying off as the younger generations are starting to accept that this isn’t right. Betty Friedan foreshadows this in her speech when she says â€Å"children be born and brought up with more love and responsibility than today,† this shows what the modern population is going to grow up around. However, in Death of a Salesman we get the impression that Linda is essentially a housewife and is there to look after her family, mainly Willy, and to do domestic jobs around the house. This is fundamentally a typical role of women of the time. However, Betty Friedan seems to be saying that women are being active about changing the oppression that they are under. This difference in attitudes however could be to do with the age of the women and the modernity of them. For example the struggle for identity in the modern era can be different for different people. Because Linda is part of the older, less modern generation she is less likely to want to bring about change whereas Betty Friedan and the women she is talking about have more modern and equal views.

How to Build a Computer :: Essays Papers

How to Build a Computer In order to build a computer you need to have a computer case where all the components of the computer will be stored. There are tow types of computer cases. The first type is called AT case which is used for the older computers, and the second one is called ATX case which is used for resent computers. Cases also come in different sizes, colors and styles. The next part you need is a Motherboard: All of the components of the computer plug into the Motherboard. Every Motherboard comes with Bus Speed, the higher the Bus Speed the faster the computer will run. There are two types of Motherboards one is made for Intel CPU and the other one is for Athlon CPU. After you got the Motherboard you need a Central Processing Unit (CPU). CPU is the brain of the computer. With out a CPU you have no computer even if you have the rest of the parts. All computer transactions go through the CPU. After a few minutes of working the CPU gets very hot. To cool it off it requires a fan to be attached to it at all times. Without a fan the CPU will burn in just a matter of minutes, or even seconds. The next part you need is called Random Access Memory which is also know as RAM. Ram comes in different megabytes (mg). It starts from 16 mg and all the way to 528 mg on one stick. Ram allows the computer to run all of its applications. The more ram you have in the computer the faster applications will run. After you got the Ram you need a Hard Drive. Hard Drive allows you to store different kinds of programs, such as games, music, typing software, etc. There is a limit to how much programs you can put on the Hard Drive, it all depends on the size of the Hard Drive. Today the maximum size of a Hard Drive is about 80 Gig. CD-ROM is also a very important part in the computer. It allows to-install different kinds of programs, listen to music CD’s, watch movies, and copy information from PC to CD. Today the speed of the CD-ROM is 56x. Modems and Network Cards play a very important role in a computer. A modem allows you to connect to the Internet, download music, and browse the Internet.

Econ case study Essay

1) Why is economics central to an understanding of the problems of development? It is because that the development of a country depends on economic factors. Economics helps you to interpret how a country is developing, economic policies of a country that determine whether or not it develops and how fast it develops if it performs. In addition, economics helps you to understand how wealth and finance are distributed, and the causes and effects of borrowing and lending. Problems of development are like not having enough money, economics teaches us about problems in development and so we can better interpret these problems primarily by looking at the economic components that define the troubles. Furthermore, economics is a social science and is concerned with people and economic development problems also stemming from people so these fields are related and understanding the one helps you better understand the other because you can build up a bigger picture. 5) Why is an understanding of development crucial to policy formulation in developing nations? Do you think it is possible for a nation to agree on a rough definition of development and orient its strategies accordingly? It is important because, like I answered on question number one, development of a country rely on the economic policies of a country which decide the country is developing or not, and how fast it develops. Depends on what policy formulation the country select, it may result different ending. In my opinion, currently nations cannot agree on a rough definition of development because most of them have different approaches, measurements and standards. However, I believe in the future there might be a working definition that the nations can agree on and orient its strategies. Like the textbook  mentions there are three basic components that help understand the meaning of development which are sustenance, self-esteem and freedom. 6. Why is a strictly economic definition of development inadequate? What do you understand economic development to mean? Can you give hypothetical or real examples of situations in which a country may be developing economically but still be underdeveloped? The Strictly economic definition of development was inadequate due to not taking into account the factors other the financial or economical. I considered that economic development meant financial growth or the increment in yield of goods. An example of a country that is developed economically, but still underdeveloped would have to be India, which I selected for the group presentations, because it is producing a lot of goods and services, but many of its citizens are living in poverty and there’s still a high inequality between genders. 7. How does the concept of â€Å"capabilities to function† help us gain insight into development goals and achievements? Is money enough? Why or why not? The capacities to function help us clear insight into development goals and achievements by letting us determine how much freedom of choice a person experiences in their country which makes it a full measurement of growth. Money is not enough to gain insight of development goals and achievements because money does not help people from living long, and it does not guarantee people’s happiness. 8. What forces may be at work in giving the Millennium Development Goals such a high profile in international economic relations? In my opinion, money forces work in giving the Millennium Development Goals. If a country get high incentive of money, they can borrow money easier than the other country who does not perform well on money. 2. Brazil has special interest because its growth performance from the 1960s  through the 1980s was the best in Latin America, with at least some parallels with East Asian policy and performance (Todaro & Smith, P.28). Moreover, other indicators of development in Brazil lagged, eventually undermining growth prospects. After the civil war and gaining benefits from the other Central American countries, it seems that Brazil should have been in a much better position to fight extreme poverty trap and social equity. Rather, it has continued to insure an extremely high percentage of its population in extreme poverty in an upper middle income country, and remains one the countries with the highest degrees of inequality in the world. 3. Chapter 2 1) According to the textbook, the problems that most developing countries have in common are poverty, high levels of unemployment and underemployment, low levels of agricultural productivity and sizable imbalances between urban and rural levels of living and economic opportunities (Todaro & Smith, P. 92). The most significant problem is serious poverty because every person should at least have the most basic needs such as home, basic clothes and food. 2) According to the textbook, low levels of living is the amount of money on average a person makes in a country. (Todaro & Smith, P. 29). In my opinion, low levels of living can exist simultaneously with high levels of per capita income because there might be a few that are earning a lot with the majority of the population earning less. For instance, on 1980’s Portsmouth, Ohio and Brazil, which is an upper medium income country with nice levels of per capita with a bulk of its citizens living in poverty. 4) In my opinion, among health, labor productivity, and income levels, there are huge, and strong relationship because I think labor productivity decides the income levels, and it also affects people’s health. For instant, people can observe that people’s health is low when labor productivity is low and it comes with low productivity the income levels are lower than the normal  countries. 5) â€Å"Dominance, dependence, and vulnerability† in their relations with rich nations is that many developing countries do not have any means of their own that they come to depend on the rich nations handouts and pretty much become vulnerable and dominated. In other words, rich nations can kind of force the developing countries to do what they want, and make them poor if they refuse. For example, rich countries are forcing or suggesting Iran and North Korea to give up nuclear weapons by interrupting their economy. Moreover, a developing country is so poor that it cannot invest and that is where the rich countries come and provide financial aid to make that poor nation depend on rich countries. 6) Developed countries produce large quantities of goods, services, and in general do a lot of manufacturing. Countries such as these use science to improve technology and generally have good health care and education for their people. Compared to developed nations, developing countries practice subsistence agriculture and often suffer a miserable income, clothing, and housing. Only few people in developing countries receive proper health care or education. In addition, and life expectancy is relatively short. Most developing countries also lack the resources needed for economic growth. Also, developing countries’ primary sector of economic is the major contributor to the GDP of the country. Low GDP per capita is there. Usually exports agricultural goods or natural resources and imports value added goods from developed countries. 7) The composition of the Index reflects dissatisfaction with income as a measure of well-being: income is not the only argument in a person’s utility function. The Human Development Index is an attempt to develop a better measure of well-being. If I design the new HDI, I want to set up the standard of get information from people. Quality and trustworthiness of those data is disputable, especially when we get the information from UN non-democratic members. It is because I think it might much better if we have a standard method to get adequate data which shows their own interest for strengthening their credibility and legitimacy. 12) According to Jan Kees van Donge, he states that in Southeast Asia, the transition to sustained growth has consistently been associated with policies aimed at macroeconomic stabilization; improving life in the rural sector, increasing agricultural productivity, and ensuring an ample supply of food. In contrast, sub-Saharan Africa initiatives in these directions have in some instances been present, but the concurrent pursuit of all three policy objectives has not. Other factors that appear to be of somewhat lesser importance, but that nevertheless deserve further study are: industrialization on the basis of foreign direct investment; systems of politics and governance; and cultural patterns as manifest in policy choices. (â€Å"Tracking Development in Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa: the primacy of policy†, par.3) 13) According to the textbook, colonial legacy is described as the colonies and institutions that were created and controlled by European and other foreign powers. These colonies and institutions that were created in the developing countries had a negative effect on the development of those countries that still continues today (Todaro & Smith, P. 69). The advantage of colonial legacy is that arrangement might be exists. A disadvantage would be that in many cases, these countries or institutions will not rich by its own country’s ability. 14) According to the textbook, five characteristics of the developing world are physical and human resource endowments, per capita incomes, climate, population, and historical role of migration. It says that developed countries are more natural resources when the country started to grow were as most developing countries usually did not have a lot of natural resources (Todaro & Smith, p.71). Per capita incomes are a lot higher in developing nations than in growing nations. The growth rates of populations in developing rural areas are usually higher compared to that of a developed nation. 15) The differences between the traditional HDI compare to NHDI, HDI uses arithmetic mean. In contrast, NHDI uses geometric mean. HDI uses GDP and the  NHDI replaces that with GNI. Traditional HDI added the three components and divided by three. However, NHDI takes the cube root of the product of the three component indexes. In my opinion, NHDI is better than HDI because it gives us a realistic average and the traditional HDI gives us an arithmetic average which is not realistic. 4. a. R1=-21%, R2=42%, R3=59%, R4=9, R5=0.87% = 14.42% b. R1=-40%, R2=56%, R3=-90%, R4=0 =-44.69% c. R1=-20%, R2=78.12%, R3=91.34% =39.7% 5. Chapter 3 (page 136-137): Questions for Discussion 1-6 1) The structural change model of Chenery focus on structural changes in the stages of the process of economic change, industrial and institutional structures of emerging economies. Chenery research conducted on the transformation of production structure shows that the increased role of the industrial sector in the economy in line with the increase in income per capita is happening in a country closely linked with the accumulation of capital and improving human resources (human capital). The neo-Marxist is an indirect outgrowth of Marxist thinking. The main idea is that a disproportionate relationship between the central state which consists of the developed and the periphery is composed of the developing world. The false-paradigm model is the model that advice or suggestions may mean well but often do not have enough information about the country to be assisted, especially developing countries. For the developing nations, I think the  best explanation is related to the situation in most developing countries is the neocolonial dependence model (neo-Marxist). This model explains that economic development on developing countries depend on developed countries, especially in direct investment in the mining sector and import of goods produced. 2) Dual societies means that rich nations and poor nations at world level are exist; and a few rich complemented with a majority of poor people in the developing countries. Thus, dualism is a concept which represents the existence. I think it does not portray the development picture in developing country because it seems like a concept that divide the world into only two part. Development or developing countries. 3)  According to the text book, it says that different sets of conditions, of which some are â€Å"superior† and others â€Å"inferior,† can coexist in a given space (Todaro & Smith, p.125). Also, the interrelations between the superior and inferior elements are such that the existence of the superior elements does little or nothing to pull up the inferior element, let alone â€Å"trickle down† to it. These are reason why it is a valid conceptualization. 4)  According to text book, neoclassical economic theories designed to accelerate the growth of GDP as the principal index of development (Todaro & Smith, p.125). it is valid policy because it is all connected to the False-Paradigm Model and a policy of autarky. 5) I do not think that there is a single unified theory that explain the one country. Including the economic theory, a situation should be explained by the several theories arising from various branches. Also, we can observe that there are many factors which are put into the section of output or input. 6) Even though the free-market theory and the dependence theory indicates the opposite meaning of explaining the market, in my opinion, neoclassical, free-market theory is not necessarily incompatible with dependence theory. In case of the rich countries or the country, which is developed country yet it was developing countries at past, both free-market and dependence theory is needed to explain their economic status. 6. Chapter 4 (page 195-196): Questions for Discussion 1-10 1) Actions can be taken by one agent reinforces incentives for others to take similar actions. With Multiple Equilibria graph, there are pressure which hit equilibrium point. Also, one equilibrium to other points there are demand shock, supply shock and government interruption which indicates the metaphor of economic problems. For example, on our daily life basis we can observe the invisible hand in the market which means that government makes decision for economy and affect our life. 2) According to the PowerPoint, indivisibilities in amounts of investment imply a region of increasing returns to scale, as in the fixed costs of the big push model. Once again, increasing returns plays a key role in generating multiple equilibria. This is related to how the investment works with big push model. In case of O-ring model, investment is one of the outpour sector which effects the formula. It was hard to find the limitation in o ring model, but I would like to say and would like to ask why q is only between zero and one. It can be the limitation points of O-ring model? 3) I do not think that developing countries can escape all of the traps described in this chapter. Especially developing countries cannot escape from the poverty trap because poverty fuels move the poverty. It is happening in underdevelopment countries. Therefore, if a country is in poverty trap and try to escape, they should have positive information externality from development countries. In case of development countries, it is still hard to escape the poverty trap but it is movable than the developing countries. 4) High levels of inequality lead to lower rates of growth and development because it makes rich countries more rich and poor countries poorer. If there is a high level of inequality on growth and development rate, it supports the poverty trap, which is the most difficult thing to get out of the trap, to develop. 5) In case of central planned market, such as public ownership of resource and governing board that makes decision for economy. If government interrupt the free market and give pressure to equilibrium point, it makes new prices from government. Also, it leads to a lack of private investment. Finally, the market might have a failure results. 6) In my opinion, low level of trust of people outside one’s extended family is related to information externality. It always better to accept positive information. Also, it is connected with the Haussmann-Rodrick-Velasco Growth Diagnostic Decision Tree theory. In case of low levels of private investment and entrepreneurship, it may causes low return to economic activity and high cost of finances which cause low social returns and market failure. 7) O-ring production function is complementarity between workers’ skills. Therefore, we can find O-ring production on our daily life where the place indeed high technology or the worker’s skills. For example, if the producer of IPhone 6 has more significant skills, the price may different. 8) I think the two approaches cannot be used together to inform each other. If I assume that logically cohesive model with strong assumptions is the big push model, the other theories, such as O-ring model can supports the limit of the big push. However, in my opinion, the two approaches cannot be used together to inform the same situation at the same time. Because there might be some overlap sections and limitations between two theories. 9) As a reader of chapter 4, The Big Push model described in this chapter is useful in shedding additional light on the nature of problems considered. It shows market failures lead to a need for public policy intervention. Moreover, it is more efficient for economy because it assumes that perfect  competition with traditional firms operating, limit pricing, monopolist with a modern firm operating. If there is an intertemporal, urbanization, infrastructure and training effects, a big push may necessary. 10) According to my research, Egyptian reforms launched in 2004 appear to have focused well on the most critical constraints-reducing red tape and tax rates, and improving access to foreign exchange-thereby getting a strong growth response out of a limited set of reforms. However, inefficient bureaucracy remains an important obstacle to higher growth and reforms in this area should continue to have high payoffs. Ongoing reforms are also addressing constraints that are likely to become binding soon (or have become so already), such as inefficient financial intermediation and high public debt. Improvements in education may rapidly become a critical factor for sustaining higher growth ( Enders, Klaus-Stefan, sec.1).