The 5 Ws (and an H) of Journalism

The 5 Ws (and a H) of Journalism Theâ questionsâ a writer answers in the number one spot of a regular paper article areâ who, what, when, where, why and how. Likewise known as Five Ws and a Hâ and correspondents questions. The 5Ws H recipe has been credited to English rhetorician Thomas Wilson (1524-1581), who presented the strategy in his conversation of the seven conditions of medieval talk: Who, what, and where, by what helpe, and by whose,Why, how and when, doe numerous things uncover. (The Arte of Rhetorique, 1560) Models and Observations It is a rare occurrence one finds a stroll in fridge in a private home. When it occurs, even the most hard-bubbled of home columnists might be flummoxed to such an extent that she returns to the news coverage nuts and bolts: Who? What? When? Where? Why? For this situation, the who is basic enoughNeal I. Rosenthal, originator of the wine bringing in business that bears his name; the where is his recently remodeled house in Dutchess County, around more than two hours north of New York City.But why an ice chest you can walk into?Another snapshot of abundances, Mr. Rosenthal says of the fridge, which cost $23,000. He has, all things considered, simply finished the last advance in a $3 million or more renovation.(Joyce Wadler, In Dutchess County, a Wine Merchant’s Renovated Home. The New York Times, June 19, 2008)News stories are tied in with giving data, and there is nothing all the more baffling for the peruser that completing a story with unanswered inquiries despite everything hanging. News coverage understudies are educated about the five Ws: who, what, when, where and why. They are a helpful instrument to check you have considered every contingency, however not all will consistently apply.(Peter Cole, News Writing. The Guardian, Sep. 25, 2008) Writers questions Who? What? Where? When? Why? How? or on the other hand the inquiries that are alluded to as the five Ws and one H, have been the pillar of newsrooms the nation over. Similarly, these inquiries have not lost their incentive in homeroom guidance, paying little mind to the substance territory. Having your understudies answer these inquiries concentrates on the points of interest of a given topic.(Vicki Urquhart and Monette McIver, Teaching Writing in the Content Areas. ASCD, 2005) S-V-O Sentences and the 5Ws and a H Subject-action word object is the favored sentence association design in editorial composition. Its simple to peruse and comprehend. . . S-V-O sentences pack in enough of the who, what, where, when, why and how for perusers to have a diagram of the story in one sentence. . .These 5 Ws and a H leads from wire administrations recount to the entire story: AUSTIN-Texas ( where) Destinee Hooker, the double cross guarding NCAA high hop champion ( who), will skip track ( what) this season ( when) to prepare with the U.S. womens national volleyball crew ( why) before the Olympics.SALT LAKE CITY-Tag Elliott ( who) of Thatcher, Utah, was in basic condition one day after medical procedure ( what) to fix broad facial wounds continued in a crash with a bull ( why).Elliott, 19, was riding a 1,500 pound bull named Werewolf on Tuesday ( when) in the Days of 47 Rodeo ( where) when their heads smacked together ( how). S-V-O is the favored sentence request in communicate also, in light of the fact that it makes simple to-state units of felt that audience members can comprehend and assimilate while the sportscaster is talking. Online perusers read in lumps: an ad spot, a lead, a passage. They, as well, are searching for simple to-peruse, straightforward data, and that is the thing that S-V-O sentences deliver.(Kathryn T. Stofer, James R. Schaffer, and Brian A. Rosenthal, Sports Journalism: An Introduction to Reporting and Writing. Rowman Littlefield, 2010)

Globalization Argumentation Essay Free Essays

( 1. Reason ) Globalization impacts on financial framework. managerial. We will compose a custom exposition test on Globalization Argumentation Essay or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now what's more, geological arrangement of the states in an adequate mode. In today’s progressively aspiring and competitory concern age. globalization is one of the greater part of import factors that have an immediate or circuitous result on the financial. regulatory. what's more, geological arrangement of the states in a strong and appropriate mode. There are quick modifications in the monetary studies of the states. because of globalization. In add-on. various sorts of issues are created or made by the globalization to the states. Other than. these are set uping the states straight or by implication. For delineation. High peril putting resources into different states is viewed as a significant issue. ( 1. Choice ) â€Å"After the globalization of the overall market. remote speculators confronted the high risk to place in the other state because of the distinctions in managerial. geographic. financial. progress and segment status of the states. † ( Lynch A ; Gemini. 2010 ) ( 2. Reason ) Globalization adds to the advancement of designing that helped national organizations. There are varying mechanical advancements that make useful part in the globalization of business sectors and creation. It is recognized that the utilization of registering machines help the organizations to follow globalization and better its market divide in the planetary market. In processing machines. the use of the internet help organizations go planetary and add overabundance qualities to their creation and activity exercises. ( 2. Choice ) â€Å"Through worldwide designing. organizations are other than ready to achieve competitory favorable circumstances over national and global adversaries in a viable way. † ( Mobius. 2012 ) ( 3. Reason ) Globalization gives choices of organizations to better their anxiety through enter in the new state advertise. One improvement in building identified with change in the travel designing helped the organizations make globalization of business sectors and creation. The improvement of business stream airplane and expert soldiers and advan cement of boat travel help organizations streamline the trans-shipment starting with one way of movement then onto the next. ( 3. Choice ) â€Å"Globalization causes organizations to better its market nearness in the planetary market and present new creation workss in various conditions of the universe to flexibly the correct product to the correct customers at the correct clasp with the most reduced cost† ( Peng. 2009 ) . ( 4. Reason ) Globalization gives alternatives of the organizations to better their place to pull or make the new market and more customers. Innovation is useful for organizations to deliver planetary possibilities through pulling planetary customers for stocks and administrations. Changes in the media transmission and presentation of the World Wide Web help organizations interface with the planetary customers in a useful way and build up the odds so as to better the market. There are varying planetary selling patterns a planetary organization needs to help through. The adjusting request of customers. changes in promotion media and appealing power for planetary customers are for the most part of import. So as to make this imprint. planetary dealers need to point planetary promotion so as to pull planetary customers in an efficacious way. ( 4. Choice ) â€Å"Through the pointing planetary notice for the stocks and administrations. organizations can other than increment its customer base in the worldwide market and can achieve competitory points of interest over adversaries in national and global market† ( Shan. 2012 ) . The principal premiss is an outline of inductive legitimate deduction as it is expected simply to be solid to the point that. in the event that the choice is diverse with premises. First premiss: globalization impacts on states financial framework. authoritative. what's more, topographical framework. in any case, the choice states contrasts that after the globalization. remote speculators face the high risk of putting resources into different states because of the distinctions in countries’ authoritative. geographic. financial. development and segment status ( Swenson. 2005 ) . In add-on. deductive articulation is believed to be completely ensured of the premises truth. which implies the choice is like the premiss. Reason 2 is the delineation of the deductive explanation as the premises and choice is the equivalent. which the globalization or internationalization contributes into the improvement of designing as universal building came to of the organizations that helped organizations to achieve competitory focal points. Notices Lynch. M. A ; Gemini. C. ( 2010 ) . Riches: How the World’s High-Net-Worth Grow. Support. what's more, Manage Their Fortunes. USA: John Wiley A ; Sons. Mobius. M. ( 2012 ) . Visa to Net salaries: Why the Following Investment Windfalls Will be Found Abroad and How to Catch Your Share. USA: John Wiley A ; Sons. Peng. M. W. ( 2009 ) . Worldwide Business 2009. USA: Cengage Learning. Shan. W. ( 2012 ) . The Legal Protection of Foreign Investment: A Comparative Study. USA: Hart Publishing Limited. Swensen. D. F. ( 2005 ) . Whimsical Success: A Cardinal Approach to Personal Investment. USA: Simon and Schuster. Step by step instructions to refer to Globalization Argumentation Essay, Essay models

Free Essay Topics For The Student

Free Essay Topics For The StudentWhen you are creating your Free Essay Topics, there are certain topics that should be included. If you are not sure which one to use or if you need a little guidance then read on for more information.The most important thing to remember is to avoid the topic that is too broad, it will be difficult to identify with your audience and they won't get a sense of who you are. The focus of the essay should be specific to the audience. In other words it's best to create a free essay topic around a problem or subject matter that has not been explored.It is best to keep it within the core of the main point that you wish to convey. Make sure you use strong words, but don't overdo it. Remember that you are writing as an actual person. A lot of students find it easier to write about themselves rather than talking about something else.Keep in mind that you can easily use word compression to get a few points across in your free essay topics. In fact it is extremely useful to include this technique because it gives you more space to expand on.Your audience should understand that this essay is designed for them. You should make sure that they understand that you are writing for the purpose of helping them reach a decision about something. In other words you need to present your audience with options so that they can make a decision.The next step when creating essay topics is to decide how you are going to explain the main idea or question. Consider all of the possible ways in which you can be explained and find out what the best approach would be. It is easy to get carried away with brainstorming and start writing a great deal in a short amount of time.Once you have decided how you want to present your point number of other decisions should be made. These include what sort of material is best suited for the essay topic. This is because a student will have access to a wide range of information that might not be useful for their topic.As well as d eciding on the topics and material you will be using for your free essay topics, it is important to consider a theme. What sort of theme do you think you should use. By using a theme you can eliminate a great deal of the research that you will need to do in order to make the topic come together.

Difference Between Spirituality And Religion Essay

Difference between spirituality and religion (pg.2, para.4) Spirituality is what people believe in after they aren’t in the religion’s confines, and the opposite for religion. Functional Perspective: Religion is useful, Faith perspective: Ultimate Reality exists †¢ Why are there religions? (pg.3, para.5) They are the foundations of life, trying to explains human existence. Trying to escape reality and being in it at the same time. †¢ What are some of the explanations given for why there are religion (pgs.3-18) Different cultures trying to control people and having different cultures trying to answers life s biggest questions. †¢ Review question: ‘What are some of the different perspectives available for understanding religion’? See no.2, pg. 31. Well from a Sociological perspective, religion is community of people that think likewise about their deity. Humans are very social beings; we fall to peer pressure for a reason. Religion to many, is a symbol to who they are, what the stand for, and how they perceive their environment. †¢ What are some of the responses that people have or give for the belief in â€Å"Ultimate and Sacred Realities?† (pgs.7-13) In an ultimate reality the alone factor of your life is taken away. It is now about being part of the greater whole. They tell a story of universalism and becoming self- transcendence. †¢ What are the different names given to ultimate reality? (pg.8, para. 6) The different names for ultimate reality is immanent and transcendent. †¢Show MoreRelatedThank You For Your Letter Concerning The Content Of The1237 Words   |  5 Pagesprogram. Your worries about contemporary spirituality being taught in year 11 Study of Religion is understandable, but the focus on modern, contemporary spirituality expressed through video games is necessary and important for your child’s education. This is because some claim that it is possible to have spiritual experiences in video games and therefore it is important that SOR students can evaluate these themes in the light of the shifting nature of spirituality in Australia and ways that they can connectRead MoreSpirituality And Stress: How Spirituality Can. Enhance1369 Words   |  6 PagesSpirituality and Stress: How Spirituality Can Enhance Your Health The aspect of stress management that I will be discussing will be over spirituality and stress. I will be focusing on six main points that really grasp the concept of spirituality and stress. These six points include spiritual health, religion and spirituality, spirituality and health, how spirituality and religion affect health, volunteerism as a spiritual and healthy activity, and thoughts on spirituality, health, and managing stressRead MoreReligion : Religion And Religion1747 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor Jensen Religion Studies 102 Meaning of Life: Religion Throughout human history, religion is now and always has been the main topic of discussion. In my paper, I will discuss reasons why it is important to study religion and how it was constituted. Religion is what makes us who we are today. Therefore, there are many reasons to study religion. Religion has shown itself as being able to unite people and to divide them since everyone has his or her own beliefs. The study of religion is not onlyRead More Spirituality Essay663 Words   |  3 Pages Spirituality plays a very sub sequential role in my personal life. First of all, spirituality helps me govern what is right and what is wrong in my life. Many of the decisions that I make everyday, I believe are a direct result of my spirituality. For as long as I can remember I have been raised to believe that I should live my life the way God would want me to live it. Therefore, whenever I have a decision to make, I have to consider, what is right? And what is wrong? Second of all, it also help sRead MoreRelationship Between Religion And Spirituality1536 Words   |  7 PagesBibliography -1 Data from the American Medical Association Physician Master file was used to examine the ways in which psychiatrists’ and other physicians observe, and interpret the relationship between religion and spirituality and in clinical approaches. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, the authors examined the comparison of psychiatrists to other physicians to evaluate different religious and demographic characteristics. This study was conducted in the form of surveys in whichRead MoreWhat Does It Mean?1022 Words   |  5 Pagesdoes not have a perfect explanation and it does not mean one simple thing. I totally agree with John. I agree because â€Å"as a religion develops, disagreements can arise† (Coogan, p 10). Everyone had his or her own true meaning of being religious. In addition, religion is a key element in most human cultures. John and I believe that understanding the differences within a religion, you can cultivate many skills that will serve individuals we ll during their lifetime. For instance, I learned a lot aboutRead MoreA Spiritual Perspective On Theological Inquiry Essay1573 Words   |  7 PagesThis relationship also exists between spirituality and self-reflexivity, promoting an examined life which connects to a larger moral vision that extends beyond the self into the community. Spirituality, theological inquiry, and self-reflexivity interact as a paradox of religious identity rooted in one’s being while also being critically open, fair-minded, and participatory in dialogue. Karl Rahner’s â€Å"The Hearer of the Message† delineates the inherent connectivity between academic and spiritual lifeRead MoreWhy Is Personal Meaning So Important For Individuals? How Can Religion Help One Find A Sense Of Meaning853 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant to individuals? How can Religion help one find a sense of meaning? Personal meaning is so important to individuals because it is what makes them unique as a person. Everyone has their own meaning when it comes to religion, personal life and personal success and achievements. People find their own meaning is different aspects throughout their lifetime. For many people, religion continues to well serve as a provider of meaning. There are four criteria in which religion is uniquely capable of providingRead MoreThe Theory Of Religion And Spirituality1481 Words   |  6 PagesA Gallup poll indicated that religion is a â€Å"very important† part of the lives of approximately 67% of the American public, of whom 96% believe in God and 42% attend religious services regularly (Powell, Shahabi, Thoresen, 2003). People join religious institutions and follow spiritual paths for a variety of reasons, such as faith, prayer, social support, cultural traditions, commitment to the community, and more. The role of religion in people’s lives is dramatic and research on the topic has mirroredRead MoreWhy Is Personal Meaning So Important For Individuals? How Can Religion Help One Find A Sense Of Meaning850 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant to individuals? How can Religion help one find a sense of meaning? Personal meaning is very important because it gives the individual the choice to explore what gives meaning to them. What gives meaning and fulfillment to one individual not necessarily does the same for a different individual. For instance, many find the meaning of life through their religion while atheist find fulfillment in other things different than religion. For many, religion continues to well serve as a provider

An Overview to Chaos Theory in Sociology

Chaos theory is a field of study in mathematics; however, it has applications in several disciplines, including sociology and other social sciences. In the social sciences, chaos theory is the study of complex non-linear systems of social complexity. It is not about disorder but rather about very complicated systems of order. Nature, including some instances of social behavior and social systems, is highly complex, and the only prediction you can make is that it is unpredictable. Chaos theory looks at this unpredictability of nature and tries to make sense of it. Chaos theory aims to find the general order of social systems and particularly social systems that are similar to each other. The assumption here is that the unpredictability in a system can be represented as overall behavior, which gives some amount of predictability, even when the system is unstable. Chaotic systems are not random systems. Chaotic systems have some kind of order, with an equation that determines overall behavior. The first chaos theorists discovered that complex systems often go through a kind of cycle, even though specific situations are rarely duplicated or repeated. For example, say there is a city of 10,000 people. In order to accommodate these people, a supermarket is built, two swimming pools are installed, a library is erected, and three churches go up. In this case, these accommodations please everybody and equilibrium are achieved. Then a company decides to open a factory on the outskirts of town, opening jobs for 10,000 more people. The town then expands to accommodate 20,000 people instead of 10,000. Another supermarket is added, as are two more swimming pools, another library, and three more churches. The equilibrium is thus maintained. Chaos theorists study this equilibrium, the factors that affect this type of cycle, and what happens (what the outcomes are) when the equilibrium is broken. Qualities of a Chaotic System A chaotic system has three simple defining features: Chaotic systems are deterministic. That is, they have some determining equation ruling their behavior.Chaotic systems are sensitive to initial conditions. Even a very slight change in the starting point can lead to significantly different outcomes.Chaotic systems are not random, nor disorderly. Truly random systems are not chaotic. Rather, chaos has a send of order and pattern. Concepts There are several key terms and concepts used in chaos theory: Butterfly effect (also called sensitivity to initial conditions): The idea that even the slightest change in the starting point can lead to greatly different results or outcomes.Attractor: Equilibrium within the system. It represents a state to which a system finally settles.Strange attractor: A dynamic kind of equilibrium which represents some kind of trajectory upon which a system runs from situation to situation without ever settling down. Applications in Real-Life Chaos theory, which emerged in the 1970s, has impacted several aspects of real-life in its short life thus far and continues to impact all sciences. For instance, it has helped answer previously unsolvable problems in quantum mechanics and cosmology. It has also revolutionized the understanding of heart arrhythmias and brain function. Toys and games have also developed from chaos research, such as the Sim line of computer games (SimLife, SimCity, SimAnt, etc.).

American Presence on German Culture Essay - 1887 Words

In February of 1945, an unconditional surrender was written up, and to be presented to the successor of Adolf Hitler. Admiral Karl Doenitz signed this surrender in May of 1945 at the Yalta conference where Joseph Stalin, Franklin Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill would identify a means to the end. At the time, Admiral Doenitz had his military commanders assume the government positions in Germany until a new government was later established. The agreements outlined in the surrender at the Potsdam Conference between July and August of 1945 were later fulfilled since no peace conference was held to further diagram the future of Germany. The agreement at the Yalta conference is what eventually shaped the outcome of Germany’s future from†¦show more content†¦In the process of Russia laying its claim to other countries, they attempted to take over Greece as well, but the British arrived just in time to prevent the takeover. Russia had already expanded so far into the ot her European nations that it was somewhat inflated. This caused a significant thinning of Russian forces in Greece, making it less difficult for Great Britain to force them out. This could have led to a different turn of events in the near future if Greece had turned communist at that time. Only speculation and the entertainment industry should expand upon this. The Division of a Nation With the division of Germany between the allied forces, came the commencement of the divided sectors. America now occupied their sector of Germany to the South West enveloping all of Bavaria and some of the smaller surrounding areas. After the halt of forces after the surrender of Germany to the Allied Nations, Russia still had the intention of proceeding forward, but with the United States dropping the two nuclear warheads on Nagasaki and Hiroshima, Russia decided to halt their push into Europe further, in the fear that they too would undergo an attack to prevent a further threat. They began research on ways to counter the new threat of nuclear weaponry, and soon armed themselves with their own nuclear weapons. Thus began The Cold War, and the rivalry between Russia, and America wouldShow MoreRelatedCase Study on Walmart681 Words   |  3 Pagesregarding the manner in which a company approaches (and fails miserably) in expanding operations outside the United States pertains to WalMarts endeavor to open the German market. After eight years of attempting to dominate and control the retail market much like it has accomplished in the United States, WalMart pulled the plug on its German operations and left that market with its business tail stuck between its legs. Headlined in the Times was the fact that WalMart, the worlds largest retailerRead MoreDisney s Success At The Disney World1741 Words   |  7 Pagessuccess in Europe was not as straight forward as anticipated. Poor understanding of the market place and failing to adapt to the French culture was a major factor in contributing to the failure first experienced by EuroDisney. Management entered France with an ethnocentric mindset, believing the European market would enjoy the same experiences that Americans do. Also management was unable to effectively mound together the controllable and uncontrollable environment. Disney executives promoted theRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Related Homicide1045 Words   |  5 Pagesinfluence over this statistic, which makes the homicide rate difficult to predict. In the poverty-stricken environment that about 15.5% of Germans and 14.5% of Americans live in, many children and young adults feel pressured into make decisions for themselves, and one such decision often involves joining a gang. (Central Intelligence Agency) Gang culture frequently and commonly associates itself with weapons, specifically firearms. The National Institute of Justice estimated that nearly 95% ofRead MoreXenophobia in America Essay851 Words   |  4 Pagesrole that culture plays in the way people behave. Massino finds a combination of biological and cultural forces to be responsible as the primary trigger to the fear of strangers. Culture has an enormous effect on the way people view other people. People tend to have a mentality of seeking refuge among those that makes them feel secure. The United States for example, is perhaps the country that posses the largest cultural diversity in the world. Nevertheless, we don’t see all this cultures intermixingRead MoreThe Conversion Rate Of A Profitable Price873 Words   |  4 Pagesthe conversion rate was to repeat trends of 2011, then Nokona would be able to secure the conversion difference to their advantage. Target Market Nokona primarily sells its products to retailers. Consequently, the target market for Nokona is small German sports equipment retailers. Fielder’s Choice is an example of this type of retailer. Their business is mainly conducted online, but they own a small store in Hilden, Germany (Fielder’s Choice) . Unlike the United States, a major sports equipmentRead MoreThe Cold War On Europe1282 Words   |  6 Pageseach other directly on the military field, they had an open and intensive competition in the area of culture and consumerism. Eastern Europe was considered as the Soviet sphere of influence. Most of the states in this area were part of the USSR. They were called Soviet’ satellites. Moscow’s influence in the satellites was immense. â€Å"In East Germany, Poland, Hungary and Romania, the physical presence of sizeable Soviet forces bears daily witness to Soviet domination of these satellites. In all theRead MoreWar Without Mercy Essay777 Words   |  4 Pageshated than the Germans before as well as after Pearl Harbor. On this, there was no dispute among contemporary observers. They were perceived as a race apart, even a species apart -- and an overpoweringly monolithic one at that. There was no Japanese counterpart to the good German in the popular consciousness of the Western Allies. (8) Mostly he focused on the American atrocities than the Japanese atrocities during the Pacific war. To the Americans, the Japanese, unlike the Germans, were all a raceRead MoreA Textbook Analysis1425 Words   |  6 PagesFirst look for the presence of the target culture in the textbook... a. Does the textbook present mostly â€Å"Culture† or mostly â€Å"culture† or a good balance of both? Give examples. As far as I noticed the textbook presents more Culture than culture. This might be justified by the fact that it is easier for students with a limited knowledge of a language to understand complex issues or cultural information within a broader background. On the other hand, culture is taught for exampleRead MoreHow and Why the Treaty of Versailles Differed from Woodrow Wilsons Fourteen Points1021 Words   |  5 Pagesviews of the local people who lived in future colonies to be taken into consideration, he wanted for all the land to be returned to their rightful countries for example, Alsace and Lorraine were to be returned to France, he wanted the Germans to leave Belgium and for the other countries to leave the Russian territory. These points were also known as Wilsons idea of national self-determination. However the Treaty of Versailles had other ideas. The terms stated that all of Read MoreCritique of Meindle’s Management and Leadership Styles1177 Words   |  5 Pagesinstead of letting the purchase manager sign for it. He reviewed every piece of mail that was delivered to the company. He was also rude and at times obnoxious. He degraded female employees. Spoke in German during company meetings to those who understood German, despite the presence of other non-German speaking managers. He made all of his office staff take lunch the same time that he did which was separate from the plant employees. He refused to allow other sales people to call on the company’s

Gothic Horror Essay Example For Students

Gothic Horror Essay Clearly a creature of intelligence, the monster realises that his only chance of friendship is with this poor disabled chap in his lonely house. One day he finds him alone. He enters the hut. He asks for friendship well, sort of. Everything seems at first to be going bumps-a-daisy. Unfortunately it then shoots downhill like a shoved nun it went black then white then black then white White points were that the old chap seemed to like him. Black points were that the rest of his family came back, took the monster at face value (titter, titter) and turned him out into the outer darkness, where there is much wailing and gnashing of teeth. And why? He hadnt explained his problem fully to the old man. He dillied. He dallied. And in the end he lost out. He gave a great introduction to his speech, but circumstances stopped him from reaching the res. Finding himself once more friendless and in the cold he starts out upon his mad quest for friendship and revenge. If Frankenstein had loved him in the first place, none of this would have happened. Chapter Five, therefore, is the starting point for many of the novels intricacies. However, it is also the start of something which was new at the time, something which made the novel a sure-fire winner: Gothic Horror. Chapter Five is the first if not only chapter in Frankenstein which is pure Gothic Horror in the true sense of the phrase. Every line nay, every word oozes Gothic and every second word perspires horror. Take the first sentence for instance: It was on a dreary night of November that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils. Whoa! Even the first eight words would have done. It was Instantly we are cast into a state of apprehension. That word it: a true stalwart of the English language, used thousands of times per minute across the whole globe and yet sadly neglected in most analysis of texts; oh, unhappy it! For underneath that shabby exterior lies a wealth of meaning, emotion and indeed power. Specifying the definite, announcing fact, preparing the way for revelations, it does it all. And now couple these startling two letters to the three letter word was: it was. Not great to look at admittedly, but it is a sure sign of better things to come. A more dramatic way of introducing a subject has yet to be imagined. But the beauty of it was is in its power. Not only does it display the blatantly obvious influences detailed above, but it also maintains an ominous subtlety the sinister use of the past tense. It isnt, it was. As thoroughbred Brits we tend to use the present tense for happiness and the past for despair. This is, no doubt, because the present is unchangeable, exhaustible and should be enjoyed while it lasts whereas the past is full of death, darkness and, as Frankenstein would say, despair. Consequently, when a member of the British public reads those formidable and menacing words it was he is much inclined to close the curtains, pull his head under the covers and generally get ready for a terrifying introduction, excursion or climax as the case may be. I could rhapsody forever about the cunning Mary Shelley showed by employing such a skilfully crafted weapon as it was to open her fifth chapter, but time marches on and so must I.  A, when used in the right place and at the right time, can be extremely powerful. It is, after all, the indefinite article and should not be overlooked. But as I am at nearly 2,800 words already I think that maybe I should skip it just this once, though. And so we come to the fourth word of our little clause: dreary. Now were getting somewhere! Dreary is the quintessential gothic word, the champagne of an authoress vocabulary, the Dior of her dictionary and the Wensleydale of her text (for the uneducated amongst you, Wensleydale is a cheese highly admired in the better circles but often underrated by the general public). Just say it slowly to yourself; savour the subtle nuances of dreadfulness, the nutty shadows of despair; roll it around your mouth as if you were a snooker table and it a ball; then elongate that ear until the floor starts to shake and the smoke alarms to ring. Now you have experienced dreariness. TajMahal 1852 EssayMany people miss the fact that Frankenstein fails at acting both Mother and Father to his creation. Who can say what would have happened if he had just played Father? If someone else had done the maternal stuff leaving Victor to enforce discipline and generally be nice and paternal? Was she saying that, although successful at giving birth to the creature he didnt do any of the other things that a mother would have done? Was that why his baby turned evil? I was benevolent and good; misery made me a fiend. Make me happy and I shall again be virtuous says the monster later on in the novel. Maybe Mary Shelley, a woman herself, was warning mothers to stay at home and nurse their children otherwise they would turn into little horrors? If she was it shows great foresight, as it wasnt until the Second World War (over 100 years later) that mothers started to work. However, I do believe that if that was what she was saying then she hit the nail on the head: I think that the broken relationships, depressed children and general social chaos around today is mostly down to working mothers. Somehow I dont think that Mrs. Shelley was quite saying all that. After all, she didnt have much experience at that sort of thing, her only child dying shortly after birth. Its much more likely that she was pointing her finger at science. Chapter Five is very much a chapter of science. It states things. It has a hypothesis, a fleeting glimpse (I gathered my instruments about me) of a method and what is, when you think about it, a pretty obvious result. It is from Chapter Five that disaster springs. Is it from science that all catastrophes leap? Was Mary Shelley writing a strong retort to the scientific obsessions of the time? Her father William Godwin was a successful author and radical thinker who knew Humphrey Davy, a chemist who believed that chemistry was the underlying principle of all life. She regularly attended scientific lectures with her husband Percy and consequently was well briefed with the facts that modern science had discovered. Could she have been such a great supporter of scientific advances and yet be aware of and warn against the dangers of incautious fascination? Yes quite easily. However, she could also quite easily have purely used pertinent facts to give her fantasy a flavour of reality. Was she a socially aware and clear-thinking moraliser or just an authoress with a flair for combining imagination with realism? That is for each and every one to decide individually, there being no clear argument either way. I personally favour the latter alternative as it sounds more like human nature. If, however, she did write Frankenstein as a social statement then what was the point? Was it worthwhile? Has she been heeded? We have now developed methods of cloning animals. One day these practices may be applied to humanity Will Mary Shelleys advice be listened to and noted or will science take control? Will life become secondary to technology? Will contemporary scientists act like modern-day Frankensteins? Chapter Five is the diving board from which a tragic tale falls. Will we, as a planet, one day be in our very own Chapter Five?